Quote: values are referentially transparent while objects are referentially opaque; i.e., values do not have side effects and identical values may be substituted freely

Quotation Skeleton

Compared to values, which are referentially transparent … , objects are thus usually referentially opaque. … The notion of referential transparency stems from philosophy … [refs.] … interchangeability of two expressions denoting the same thing. … In the terminology of functional programming, in particular, … value for the same arguments [refs.].   Google-1   Google-2

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