As we saw earlier, a value [in a name directory copy] is a tree with labeled arcs and time-stamped nodes; a … A value v is modified by an update … time- stamp at the end of each labeled … , and @ says whether to make the … [If p matches and says absent, mark the node absent. If an existing arc has a lower time-stamp, replace that arc with the rest of p]. This complicated definition serves to make the order of updates … [p. 8] The presence of the time- stamps in … when two clients concurrently try to create the … The fact that later modifications, e.g. to set … [name] creation time-stamp ensures that those made by the earlier client …
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