The inherent problem that caused the [chain reaction] breakdowns is what I call automatic generation of messages, or … a message from another computer. … Thus, forwarding a message is an AGM. Using … [e.g., cyclic .forward and .vacation, and responding to errors]. … [p. 61] The most common method of safeguarding against … [p. 61] Relying on time-outs is another common approach. … [p. 62] Another approach for preventing infinite AGM is … [e.g., discarding duplicate message identifiers].
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