Our lower level synchronization operators are based on … [Proc 1973 European ACM Symposium 1973] … The semaphore passage operation allows a process to … [pass(s)] and the value of the semaphore is less than 0, … nonnegative. … The semaphore closing operation, down(s), decrements the value … [It never suspends the caller]. … The semaphore opening operation, up(s), increments the value …
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