Quote: elements are unknowable; while complexes are knowable and explicable via written letters

Quote: Leibniz developed the idea of a formal system as a means to knowledge, and the possibility of transforming a formal system into a real machine [»kramS2_1996]

Quote: for Leibniz, formal systems and mechanized symbolic operations establish a norm for how we should think. They do not describe how we think [»kramS2_1996]

Quote: logic is a system of processes that follow laws concerning symbols with a fixed interpretation [»boolG_1854, OK]

Quote: Frege developed concept writing to prevent gaps in a chain of inferences; found that language and intuition were inadequate

Quote: a proof must be a step-by-step procedure; devised a concept writing to reduce their length; conforms with rules [»fregG_1884]

Quote: Frege's ideography will unify the formula languages and extend them to new fields [»fregG_1879]

Quote: replace the concepts of subject and predicate with argument and function respectively [»fregG_1879]

Quote: concept writing provides symbols for implication and negation [»fregG_1879]

Quote: in ontological symbolism, a symbol refers to an independent object or thing; with operative symbolism (Leibniz), the meaning of symbols is irrelevant to their manipulation [»kramS2_1996]

Quote: if complexes are knowable then one knows the syllable SO but not the letters S and O; this is absurd [»plat_368]

Quote: computer programs are formal (syntactic); they manipulate symbols through precisely stated rules; abstract, manipulated without meaning [»searJR1_1990]

Quote: a non-linguistic writing system allows a formal language in which signs are independent of the signified objects; e.g., decimal numbers and Leibniz's characteres [»kramS2_1996]

Quote: Leibniz's infinitesimal calculus was independent of what differentials actually are; avoids metaphysical disputes [»kramS2_1996]

Quote: elements have only a name; combine names into descriptions of complex things [»plat_368]

Quote: use a small vocabulary for formal methods; easier to understand though longer, more abstract, little implementation bias; e.g., Hoare's CSP [»boweJP4_1995]

Quote: how to construct a relay switching circuit from equations of the independent and dependent variables [»shanCE6_1938]

Quote: to produce an utterance one has to refer back to general rules and forward to specific rules while reconstructing the rules from continuity, context, and exceptions [»misrVN_1966]

Quote: in India, conciseness of composition, especially in scientific matters, was highly prized; more pronounced in earlier works [»dattB_1935]

Quote: Panini's mathematical grammar described the language as spoken, concisely defined by enumerations and rules; transmitted orally; transform from syntactic relationship to phonemic realization [»misrVN_1966]

Quote: a small number of laws and rules can include the content of all the laws, albeit in an undeveloped state [»fregG_1879]

Quote: since the number of laws is boundless, need to find a basic set of laws that generates the rest; not unique [»fregG_1879]

Quote: algorithm for evaluating an applicative expression relative to an environment; first formalization of expression evaluation

Quote: formal systems or formalisms are the same as Turing machines [»godeK_1931]

Quote: there is no boundary between 'clearly' and 'not clearly' yet 'clearly' has formal properties [»holtAW11_1980]