If we apply the last of equations ... to a material particle at rest (q=0), we see that the energy, E_0, of a body at rest is equal to its mass. Had we chosen the second as our unit of time, we would have obtained (44) E_0 = m c^2. Mass and energy are therefore essentially alike; they are only different expressions for the same thing. [the kinetic energy of an object in classical mechanics is the second term of the expanded equation].
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Published before 1923