Quote: description of early, Indian instruction in arithmetic: memorized problems and solutions; calculated by writing in dust spread on a board

Quotation Skeleton

The young student who wanted to learn patiganita … [pati, "board" ganita, "science of calculation"] … apply the rules to the solution of problems … was spread, the numbers being written on the … being rubbed out as the calculation proceeded. Sometimes … step in the process of calculation the sutra … mistakes. [Then the student proceeded to more complicated problems.] … After this stage was reached the teacher gave …   Google-1   Google-2

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