285 ;;Quote: ISO standard uses a layered model; each layer encapsulates the higher layer's data in a protocol-data-unit

285 ;;Quote: ISO Layer 7 is the application layer; provides distributed information services to the end user

285 ;;Quote: ISO Layer 6 is the presentation layer; converts data formats, represents and manipulates structured data

286 ;;Quote: ISO Layer 5 is the session layer; controls and synchronizes data exchange, handles accounting and access control

286 ;;Quote: ISO Layer 4 is the transport layer; reliable end-to-end data transfer with five different qualities of service

286 ;;Quote: ISO Layer 3 is the network layer; handles routing, switching and relaying within a single network or an internetwork

286 ;;Quote: ISO Layer 2 is the data link layer; for reliable data transfer across a link

286 ;;Quote: ISO Layer 1 is the physical layer; everything needed for bit transmission across a physical medium

287 ;;Quote: can use connectionless protocols to avoid the high cost of managing the connection; e.g., Ethernet specifies frame communication