Group:
graphical user interface
Group:
user interface for hypertext
Topic:
desktop metaphor for user interfaces
Topic:
direct engagement and theater in a user interface
Topic:
direct manipulation for a UserInterface
Topic:
disorientation in a user interface
Topic:
fisheye views in the user interface
Topic:
information retrieval by location
Topic:
memory
Topic:
mental models, consistency, and interface metaphors
Topic:
problem of screen size
Topic:
spatial vs. temporal representation
Topic:
tiled vs. overlapping windows
Topic:
user interface design
Topic:
windows for a UserInterface
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Summary
A user interface should provide a sense of spatial location. This allows a user to directly engage or manipulate the interface. Bolt used a large physical map as a user interface for spatial data management. Modern mapping software often does the same. A windowing system can provide a canvas to work on, e.g., paint programs, KMS, Boxer. Containment also has a spatial component.
Spatial metaphors may be inappropriate for computer interfaces. For example, Jones and Dumais found that subjects located items by name better than by location. (cbb 3/98)
Subtopic: spatial metaphor 
| Quote: growing consensus that spatial metaphors useful for reasoning and problem-solving [»kerrST_1986]
| | Quote: spatial orientation, recognition memory, and language use different mentalities; e.g., Piaget's water pouring experiment [»lindO_1992]
| | Quote: the spatial metaphor was used by the ancients for organizing thoughts and ideas [»joneWP1_1986]
| | Quote: objects can be useful in locating locations; e.g., a surveyor's stake [»holtAW_1979]
| | Quote: all animals process spatial information and use dead reckoning; supplemented with specialized devices [»hausMD_2000]
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Subtopic: space vs. computer
| Quote: with a computer, can't see a book; can't spread it out to see its organization [»boltRA_1984]
| | Quote: visual regularity of KMS frames makes it easier to perceive components and use frames [»akscRM7_1988a]
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Subtopic: spatial metaphor as scope
| Quote: spatial metaphor implies hierarchical structures due to box containment [»diseAA9_1986]
| | Quote: Boxer uses a spatial metaphor because of its expressiveness [»diseAA9_1986]
| | Quote: computational scoping matches concept of inside in spatial metaphor [»diseAA9_1986]
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Subtopic: empty space
| Quote: a KMS frame is empty space to be occupied; different from space in an editor [»akscRM7_1988a]
| | Quote: space around items makes them easy to recognize [»akscRM7_1988a]
| | Quote: empty space in KMS is useful for annotations [»akscRM7_1988a]
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Subtopic: screen layout, grouping
| Quote: using subtitles to group related items clearly improves search time without changing error rates [»hornAJ9_2001]
| | Quote: a well-organized screen layout allows many items without hurting search time [»hornAJ9_2001]
| | Quote: virtual-window UI creates idealized windows that organize data for tasks; no menus, buttons, or functions; create physical windows later [»laueS7_2001]
| | Quote: OZ provides all flight information at a glance; no hunting for flight path derivations [»stilDL12_2002]
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Subtopic: peripheral vs. focal vision
| Quote: conventional flight instruments ignore peripheral vision; requires an instrument scan using focal vision [»stilDL12_2002]
| | Quote: ambient visual channel optimized for locomotion information; like peripheral vision
| | Quote: OZ displays a 360 degree star field, 60 degrees vertical, waypoints, other aircraft, thunderstorms, and obstructions [»stilDL12_2002]
| | Quote: novices users on OZ maintained altitude and heading clearly better than a conventional display [»stilDL12_2002]
| | Quote: neither experience nor turbulence effected the RMS error for altitude or heading
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Subtopic: spatial data
| Quote: a Cedar whiteboard is a 2-d viewer for spatial organization of data, viewers, and text [»teitW3_1985]
| | Quote: SDMS's Dataland shown via a small, world view monitor, and a ten-foot enlarged image of a small subsector [»boltRA_1979]
| | Quote: SDMS provides joysticks for positioning Dataland and for zoom control [»boltRA_1979]
| | Quote: SDMS provides sufficient sense of space to activate humans spatial organization capabilities; but it is not a confusing 3-d simulation [»boltRA_1979]
| | Quote: the media room provided a spatial, virtual graphical space for a world of data that matches its actual spatial layout [»boltRA7_1980]
| | Quote: a SDMS user can go directly to a subsector by touching the world view monitor [»boltRA_1979]
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Subtopic: location aware
| Quote: use stick-e notes for field data collection using a PDA; collection forms and geographical indices [»pascJ9_2000]
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Subtopic: spatial search algorithm
| Quote: R*-trees for efficient and robust spatial access for points and rectangles; e.g., spatial join; analysis of clipping, transformations, and overlapping regions [»beck5_1990]
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Subtopic: spatial metaphor not useful
| Quote: even though spatial metaphor necessary in real offices, not necessarily needed in electronic office [»joneWP1_1986]
| | Quote: location-only condition performed worse than name-only condition, especially in a crowded space [»joneWP1_1986]
| | Quote: even users of actual space did worse than name-only condition [»joneWP1_1986]
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Related Topics
Group: graphical user interface (24 topics, 512 quotes)
Group: user interface for hypertext (5 topics, 110 quotes)
Topic: desktop metaphor for user interfaces (18 items)
Topic: direct engagement and theater in a user interface (35 items)
Topic: direct manipulation for a UserInterface (56 items)
Topic: disorientation in a user interface (13 items)
Topic: fisheye views in the user interface (16 items)
Topic: information retrieval by location (21 items)
Topic: memory (12 items)
Topic: mental models, consistency, and interface metaphors (49 items)
Topic: problem of screen size (12 items)
Topic: spatial vs. temporal representation (21 items)
Topic: tiled vs. overlapping windows (21 items)
Topic: user interface design (36 items)
Topic: windows for a UserInterface
(21 items)
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